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  • 1.2 Existence Itself: Metaphysics

    Version 1.3 July 2016                                    (Previous Version)

    These are the questions we ask in the introduction (Section 0.1.6 – paragraph 2):

    What is real?  Is it all a dream?  Are we all a figment of God’s imagination?  Are there separate physical and spiritual worlds?  Is there a world of ideas or minds, separate from the natural world?  Is there no ‘out there’ out there?  If there is, can we ever know what it is really like?  Do our perceptions have any link to reality?  Do we impose these categories like time and space on reality or are they real?  Is the world of mass/energy all that exists?  Do words actually mean anything?  Is a psychedelic experience more real than ‘ordinary’ experience?  Can we have a direct experience of a divine reality?

    This chapter covers metaphysics (what is really real), and the philosophy of language (the links between words, their meaning and reality).  Metaphysics is extremely complicated, there are no certainties, and the words used often obscure.  But we discuss metaphysics in just enough detail so that we can work out reasonable global beliefs and value that affect our everyday life.

    There is a risk of overlap between this Chapter on Metaphysics, Chapter 1.3 on Theology and Chapter 1.4 on the Mind-Body problem.  This chapter focusses on what is really real and tries to leave the supernatural and mind-body problems to the following chapters.

    We look at how we know what we know under the following topic headings:

    1. Appearances & Reality:

    What we see is not what is really there.  What can we believe?

    2. Structure of Reality:

    How do we understand what we perceive?

    Is it reasonable to break down this area into these topics at this level?

    Click on feedback, or add a comment below, to tell us if you agree or disagree, or suggest improvements.

    3. Perceptions & Appearances:

    Five senses, emotions, feelings and thoughts.

    4. Underlying Reality:

    What can know about what is really real?

    5. Realism and Materialism:

    Are even mental events material?

    6. Primitive Physics et al:

    What are our initial views of the world?

    7. Non-Materialist Systems:

    What about other ideas of what is real?

    8. Dynamic and Static Reality

    Are things and events real or constructs?

    9. Partitioning into Language:

    How do we think and communicate?

    10. Wordless Knowledge:

    Can we have wordless spiritual experiences?

    11. Public Reality:

    Can we feasibly agree on what reality is like?

     

    This is the current summary of our conclusions in this area:

    The universe could be all one, unchanging, or impermanent; but we classify it into events in time and space, separating our internal mental events from external reality, assigning links between events, and we use language to think and talk about them; but for some experiences words fail and we can revel in the mystery.

      more                                                              Statement 2

    We value a shared idea of a natural, public reality.  Despite uncertainty, cultural differences, social constructs and subjectivity, it is the basis for our communications.  Our analysis leads us to extend the meaning of valuing diversity, because reasonable people can partition the world differently.

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    Metaphysics Overview:

    Conclusions by section

    1.  We can doubt everything but existence itself; but our perceptions are clues as to what is ‘out there’.

    2.  We act as if there is something ‘out there’, and it's a working hypothesis for conversations with others.

    3.  Our actual perceptual systems are limited and sometimes demonstrably misleading.

    4.  We don't know the underlying nature of reality: science doesn’t know; we may never know.

    5.  We adopt a common sense view that merges into the scientific view.  It is realist and materialist.

    6.  As children, and early in human history, our understanding of this reality was fairly primitive.

    7.  Other views of reality, such as nihilism and dualism are based on primitive misunderstandings.

    8.  In particular we have overlooked how dynamic the world is because we use language that is static.

    9.  We inevitably partition reality into a variety of chunks which are the constructs behind language.

    10. Nevertheless most people can still have sublime, but natural, wordless experiences.

    11. Despite the uncertainties, we value our shared public reality, and reinforce our value of diversity.

    We acknowledge the traditional owners and custodians of Country, throughout all colonised lands, and their connections to land, waters and community. We pay respect by giving voice to truth, values and social justice, acknowledging our shared history, and valuing the cultures of first nations peoples.

    Copyright © 2008 - 2026 Trevor J Rogers, care of the address shown on this page. All rights reserved. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study, research, criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright Act, no part may be reproduced by any process without written permission from the copyright owner. Any approved reproduction is permitted only with full attribution of the source, referring to this site and this copyright notice. The moral right of the author is asserted.

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